跨境家事诉讼中的管辖权与当事人缺席

引言

 在本案判决中,尽管丈夫缺席且对管辖权提出异议,家事法院决定继续审理并裁定妻子向丈夫提出的配偶及子女抚养费申请。新加坡立杰律师事务所的Yoon Min Joo和Sarah Tan担任妻子的代理律师。

案情背景 

申请人妻子(“妻子”)和被申请人丈夫(“丈夫”)均为外籍人士。丈夫曾是家庭的经济支柱,定期向妻子汇款以维持家庭开支,但之后汇款逐渐减少,最终完全停止。妻子根据1961年《妇女宪章》第69(1)条和第69(2)条提出申请,要求丈夫支付她本人及其四个子女的赡养费。她主张:(i)每月配偶及子女赡养费共计14,242.17新元,其中她本人每月1,897.40新元,四个子女分别每月4,446.57新元、3,122.40新元、3,040.40新元和1,745.30新元;(ii)追溯至2024年9月1日的赡养费;(iii)支付两个子女拖欠的学费,分别为7,993.36新元和2,320新元(“拖欠学费”);以及(iv)偿还他们在韩国居住期间因家庭开支而产生的债务(“韩国债务”)。

丈夫未出庭。他通过一系列电子邮件声称,他的工作已被终止,并且他已被从新加坡遣返回国。因此,他对新加坡法院审理此案的管辖权提出质疑。

法院裁定丈夫须支付:(i) 配偶及子女每月赡养费13,761.67新元;(ii) 自2025年5月起追溯支付赡养费,共计68,808.35新元;(iii) 未付清的学费;以及 (iv) 诉讼费用15,000新元(全部费用),但驳回了妻子要求偿还韩国债务的诉求。

家事法院的判决

在丈夫缺席及提出管辖权异议的情况下继续审理

法院采纳了妻子代表律师的陈述,认为根据《2024年家事司法(一般)规则》第3部分第15(2)条,在以下情况下,法院可在被告缺席的情况下审理并裁定申请:(i) 尽管传票已依法送达,被告仍未出庭;且 (ii) 未提出充分理由要求延期审理。法院认定,丈夫显然知晓听证日期,且尽管其出示了雇主的解雇信,但并无证据表明其工作准证(该准证允许其在新加坡居留)亦已被终止。

法院裁定,无需就丈夫提出的管辖权异议作出裁决,因其未提交任何证据证明为何由其他法院审理该申请更为适宜。该异议的善意性也值得怀疑,因为丈夫曾多次出庭,但未提出管辖权异议,并已提交文件回应该申请。无论如何,鉴于妻子仍与孩子们居住在此,新加坡法院最适合审理该申请。

妻子的诉求 

  1. 配偶及子女的每月赡养费:法院认定丈夫疏于履行家庭扶养义务,并将此定性为“典型案例” – 即父母中无经济能力的一方不得不反复向另一方索要钱款,而另一方却仅能不定期支付。即便承认丈夫已失业,证据仍显示他拥有其他收入来源,例如各类股票和房产投资。鉴于妻子没有工作,由丈夫承担维持家庭生活的全部经济负担是合理的。法院评估出妻子及四名子女的合理赡养费为每月13,761.67新元,较妻子索赔的14,242.17新元有所下调,系因法院对所主张的交通费用进行了调整。法院认定,为子女申请的抚养费用于其食宿及教育,而为妻子申请的抚养费仅够维持基本生活所需。
  1. 追溯抚养费:法院认为,将抚养费追溯至2024年9月(如妻子所主张)并不公平,因为根据她自己的证词,在经济状况较好时她从丈夫处获得的金额并不固定,某些月份甚至更多。法院将赡养费追溯至2025年5月 – 即丈夫完全停止支付赡养费的月份,由此产生的追溯总额为68,808.35新元。
  1. 拖欠学费:法院同意应责令丈夫立即支付这些费用,因为证据表明,如果不支付拖欠的学费,两个孩子将无法上学,这对他们来说未免太过严苛。
  1. 偿还韩国债务:法院驳回了该请求,理由是尽管妻子提供了相关贷款的证据,但她未能证明这些款项确实用于家庭开支。
  1. 诉讼费用:鉴于妻子胜诉,法院认为应以“败诉方承担费用”为原则。考虑到审判时长、双方当事人的行为(包括丈夫无正当理由缺席)以及文件数量,法院将诉讼费用定为15,000新元(全部费用)。

结语

一旦被告已正式收到申请书,其应严格遵守出庭程序规则;否则,即使被告缺席,申请仍可能进入审理和判决程序(包括针对被告作出判决)。被告还应注意为支持其管辖权异议所需提出的论点和证据,并确保其在法庭上的行为与该等异议保持一致。

撰稿说明 

本法律动态由新加坡立杰律师事务所(Rajah & Tann Singapore合伙人 Yoon Min Joo 撰稿。


 

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